All About Eve and the Roles that Women Play

All About Eve and the Roles that Women Play Joseph Mankiewicz’s All About Eve explores the inability of women to find fulfillment in the roles offered by the theater. For a â€Å"true star† like Margo or simply a â€Å"carbon copy† like Eve or Phoebe in the harsh world of the theater, Mankiewicz suggests that it is almost impossible for a woman to reach fulfillment. This dilemma is largely due to the transitory nature of success, and the possibility of another star constantly in the making. As a result, only the role of the self-effacing and docile female can succeed in the world of theater. Mankiewicz suggests that women can only find fulfillment in the role of a docile and humble housewife, while the men must be the breadwinners of the family. This is exemplified by Karen, the ideal female spouse whom supports her husband’s endeavors and does not cultivate a separate image apart from that of being his wife. Moreover, whilst Karen may be the â€Å"lowest form of celebrity†, she enjoys an ostentatious and lavish lifestyle, as indicated by her array of magnificent costumes throughout the film. Unlike Margo, Karen yields no anxieties nor any â€Å"paranoiac insecurities†, but rather displays undying devotion to both her friend and husband, and is thus praised by Lloyd as his â€Å"loyal little woman†. Not only does this reflect the paternalistic values eminent in society in the 1950s, but is also an endorsement, on behalf of Mankiewicz, for those female characters who accept their subservient roles. It is through Karen that Margo realizes her desire to play the role of a humble housewife is greater than that of a professional woman. Such two roles are constantly conflicting in Margo’s life, and are the primary cause of her deep rooted anxieties. Whilst seemingly at the height of fame and power, she expresses her discomfort in the incongruity of playing women who are half her age when revealing to Lloyd that she has reached the big â€Å"four-oh,† at Bill’s birthday party. Moreover, as Margo wearingly sits by the piano brooding, requesting for Liebestraum to be played on repeat, close ups of her face reveal her fear of becoming an ageing actress capable of being marginalized by a younger and attractive understudy. Ultimately, and despite her numerous accolades, Margo finds her professional career to be unfulfilling, as she reveals to Karen with an air of resignation that â€Å"nothing is good unless you can look up just before dinner†¦and there he is.â €  To reinforce his ideal that women must sacrifice their professional careers for a happy domestic life, Mankiewicz juxtaposes Margo’s anxieties with her genuine happiness when casting Bill adoring looks in the Cub Room, the night before their marriage. The role of the â€Å"carbon copy† as played by both Eve and Phoebe, reveal both the exclusivity of the theater and the transitory nature of success. Eve’s introduces herself to Margo through playing the role of the wounded war widow, literally climbing the theater’s stairs in an attempt to reach the top of the professional ladder. At the height of her deceptive powers, she begins by makes herself indispensable to Margo, adopting the roles of her â€Å"sister, lawyer, mother, friend, psychiatrist and cop† in an attempt to ingratiate herself to her, and ends by blackmailing Karen in the ladies’ room to obtain the role of Cora in Lloyd’s play. However, when accepting the Sarah Siddons Award, close ups of Eve’s expressions reveal her disappointment at Margo and Karen refusing to congratulate her, Margo instead prodding her with the trophy, murmuring, â€Å"Go put that where your heart ought to be.† Furthermore, Mankiewicz’s introduction of Phoebe through the reflection of Eve’s mirror, suggests to the audience that there will always be an infinite reflection of â€Å"carbon cop[ies]† willing to do â€Å"all that, just for a part in a play†. Therefore, in the viperous and competitive world of theater, Mankiewicz infers that success is transitory, and that the demise of one star will lead to the birth of another. Therefore, despite being at the height of their fame and success, both Eve and Margo suffer in the professional world of the theater. This is a result of the infinite role of the â€Å"carbon copy† which leads to their demise, and therefore revealing the transient nature of success. It is only Karen, who vicariously lives through her husband and accepts her subservient role as a docile housewife, who is content with the role that she plays.

Informative publication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informative publication - Essay Example This number is insignificant when you compare it with the number of graduates from our institution. For instance, it is evident that over 10,000 students graduated in the year 2013. Summing up all the students that have graduated since 2008 and then relating with the 2000 students with degrees in careers related with science will make you understand the impact of producing insignificant number of scientists. Our current world is changing every day from bad to worse. This is as results of technological changes that have contributed to the pollution as well as depletion of factors that hold the universe together. Majority of the world misuse cases are as a result of lack of awareness. Very few people know how to relate the daily occurrences with scientific reactions. For instance, very few people understand the impact of carbon dioxide to the ozone layer. Telling people that the carbon dioxide results to ozone layer depletion without explaining to them how it happens beats logic. We need to be in a position to explain some incidents in the universe by aid of evidence. It is as a result of this that we are holding a gland Science Congress meeting in our school. The poster that you will receive is designed in a very a unique way in order to grasp your attention. The title of the poster is in large fonts as well as bright colors so that you can see from a distance along expound what the whol e poster entails. The designs of other writings within the poster are meant to grasp your attention as well as convey the message concerning the title of the poster. The venue in which the Science Congress event will take place is written in large and bold fonts so that you can read it easily. The picture at the bottom and left side of the poster is of our guest of honor. Majority of you know Professor Lac Wal and others I think you have heard of him. Those who do not know him will also have

Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Definition - Essay Example Many people have shown the attitude to persevere despite of the difficulties. As a result, they have helped and inspired many to do the same. In this paper, perseverance is defined in three distinct ways: the capability to endure hardships, hard work and committed to the task. Likewise, it will present three famous persons who have shown these characteristics and placed them in the pedestal of success making them good examples to young people. Perseverance is a virtue that entails the ability to endure many adversaries towards the attainment of a goal. This is something Helen Keller showed in her own life journey. We all know that Helen Keller wrote many poems and stories that are widely read by people young and old alike. The inspiring thing about her is that she is blind and deaf. Helen was born on June 27 1880 with the sense of sight and hearing. However, an unknown illness struck her when she was about a year and a half years old. Everyone in her family thought she was going to die. And then unexpectedly, after a few days, she got well. However, her mother noticed that Helen no longer responded to sound (like the ring of the bell) or sight stimuli. They then concluded that the illness has left her a mark which she suffered for the rest of her life. Towards her childhood years, Helen has been very hard to manage particularly when she throws tantrums and screams towards other members of the family. Upon the recommendati on of the family's friend Alexander Graham Bell, Helen's family finally decided to look for a teacher at the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind. Although difficult at first, Helen struggled to learn how to spell words using hand signals. With the efforts of her teacher Ann Sullivan, she continued to improve and master her skills despite of her condition. The highlight of her education happened when Anne brought her to the lake and spelled "water" in Helen's hand and the later immediately understood. From that moment, Helen's improvement was astounding as she could spell thirty new words that day including Anne's name. After this incident, Helen became famous because of an article that was written about her achievement. Eventually, she was also given a teacher to train her how to speak. Helen tried all her efforts to learn how to speak but was unsuccessful because her vocal chords were not fully developed. Still, this didn't stop her from pursuing her dreams. On 1891, she wrote the Frost King as a birthday gift for her friend Michael Agnos. Helen was also recognized as the first deafblind person to enter and finish a Bachelor of Arts degree in a higher learning institution. However, it was not easy for her as tons of school work further led to the deterioration of her eyesight. Helen soon travelled around the world giving lectures about her experiences. She has been an ambassador of faith and determination to many people. Perseverance also shows the spirit of service and commitment to people. Franklin D. Roosevelt is one of the famous American presidents because of the policies and political changes he started. His leadership started just in time when the unemployment rate is high and the economy was in slump. He proposed a program to bring relief to those who are unemployed, recover losses in business and enacted some reforms for the citizenry. Despite of all

Understand the Effects of Sport in the Development of Children Essay Example for Free

Understand the Effects of Sport in the Development of Children Essay Social effects Children who regular play sport have showed differences compared with those who dont. There are many social factors but I have highlighted the main ones. These social factors can be used later in life maybe to have respect for work colleagues. Learning respect for others When participating in local sports teams children tend to have respect for their team mates, but also their opponents. Due to the sex difference during school boys tend to be outside whereas girls play indoors. Because of boy playing sport outside they tend to learn goal setting, independent roles, techniques to improve performance and settle dispute. Whereas girls tend to cooperate better and have good patience. Development of coping ability When children play matches or games there are only one winning team but there is also a losing team. When losing the children will have to cope with disappointment and have respect for teamwork and the opposing team. When winning it will teach the children to have respect for the opposing side. Improved cooperation skills A successful team will need to cooperate to do well in a competition, so when children play in a competition in a team sport the performers will need to cooperate with each other, when older they can cooperate with people and consider other peoples feelings and views. Improved emotional wellbeing Participating in regular sports can decrease stress, it has been shown that boy and girls who play for teams have shown a greater ability to relax and avoid headache and back pains to those who dont play regular sports. Psychological effects Playing sport at an early age can have psychological effects which include an increase of motor skills, development of a sense of success and failure, these all can be used later in life. Increase range of motor skills Coaches and family encourage their children to play a range of sport because regular participation in sports improves hand eye coordination, coordination and balance. This means they will be good at a range of sports and when they grow up they can use these motor skills to understand tasks. Greater confidence and self esteem Children who participate in sport tend to more confident in their abilitys compared to those who dont. This means they will be comfortable in social situations and when a challenge comes across they will find a solution. Developed sense of success and failure As a regular participant in sport you will have to face success and failure when losing you will need to accept your loss and look where you went wrong, when winning you will need to have respect for your opponent. Increased motivation Children play sport for many reasons they can include pride, challenge of competition, desire and determination to succeed. These reasons will make children determined and motivated to succeed in their sport. Physiological effects Physiological effects can include a number of factors which include improved general health and improved fitness. Improved general health Sports serve as an excellent physical exercise. Those who play sports have a more positive body image than those who do not. Playing sports often involves physical activities like running, jumping and stretching and moreover a constructive expenditure of energy. Playing sports since an early age strengthens the bones and muscles and tones ones body. Thus sports provide the body with a complete exercise. Improved fitness After all, nearly every sport involves some kind of physical exercise, which is one of the key components of a healthy lifestyle. While a single sport can still do wonders for your body, by participating in a variety of them, you can work different muscles. For example, while football is more about strength, rugby involves more speed.

The Jungle :: essays papers

The Jungle From the point of view of history, The Jungle, is both a comment on and a product of its own times. Those times most definitely need to be viewed in relation to what happened in the last half of the nineteenth century. This incredible time period saw the making of great industries and great fortunes (for those who were in control of the industries). So far as the relationship between business and government was concerned, it was a time of laissez-faire, where government had very little to do with what business was doing. If as Calvin Coolidge said in the 1920’s, ‘the business of America is business,’ what did this mean for individuals, their rights and expectations? The Jungle appeared in January of 1906. It is completely understandable to me that the reading public responded to details on meat production and plant sanitation instead of the conditions of workingmen or Sinclair’s Socialist message. In turn, The Jungle helped to do something completely different than what the book’s author meant for it to do. The Jungle helped to push the Pure Food and Drug Bill out of a House committee and force president Teddy Roosevelt to jump into action. Roosevelt quickly requested the Department of Agriculture to send an investigating committee and through additional pressure, including Sinclair’s personal appeal, Roosevelt sent in an additional committee (Neill-Reynolds Commission). Also, at the same time a Beef Inspection Act was submitted in the Senate, all of this with Roosevelt’s complete approval. Somehow, when the meat industry found out about all this they were able to get articles published which defended present practices. Since Roosevelt was not able to exert the pressure he himself felt, he released a portion of the Neill-Reynolds report, which basically confirmed the truths of the packinghouse conditions that were depicted in The Jungle. It is my opinion that the fact that The Jungle could cause such a large industry to fight back powerfully attests to its own power as a persuasive medium. Upton Sinclair’s often quoted remark about aiming for the heart and hitting the stomach definitely rings true when reading The Jungle. Most readers mistook it for another muckraking effort, on unsanitary conditions in the packinghouses. If Sinclair had not written the last three of four chapters of the book then it would have read much more like a social protest novel. Most definitely the purpose of The Jungle is to promote socialism as the only answer to the wage slavery enforced by capitalism.

Gravimetric Determination of Phosphorus in Fertilizer Samples Essay

I. Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to determinethe Phophorus content of fertilizer samples using Gravimetric Analysis. It involves dissolution of the fertilizer sample, precipitation and heating and cooling of the sample. Pooled standard deviations of the two data sets for % Pwet, %Pdry, %P2O5 wet and %P2O5 dry were 5.1448, 5.1472, 11.8436 and 11.8504 respectvely. During the experiment a data rejection for %P and %P2O5 was concluded at approximately 20% and 47%. Determination of the Phosphorus content in fertilizer is vital in quality assurance and in the choosing of a fertilizer grade important for agriculture. II. Introduction Plants require essential nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium or Sulfur to grow. However, most soils lack these macronutrients thus a decrease in food production. In connection with this, the use of fertilizers containing these macronutrients has been part of the agricultural tradition. Fertilizers have in its labels a set of numbers, known as the fertilizer grade that always appear in the form N-P-K, indicates the proportions of essential nutrients present (ie 10-10-10 which means 10% Nitrogen, 10% Phosphate in the form of P2O5, 10% Potassium in the form of K2O). Different organizations worldwide like Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) in the United States, conduct different tests to assess the accuracy and consistency of the nutrient content with regards to that of the product label and also to ensure quality assurance as part of consumer rights. Analysis of fertilizer can be conducted using Gravimetric Analysis. In Gravimetric Analysis, the product with known composition is resulted from the conversion of the analyte to a soluble precipitate that can be easily filtered and is free from impurities by subjecting it to heat. This product of known composition will then be weighed and the percentage of the analyte in the sample can be determined. In this experiment, the analyte, Phosphorus in the fertilizer will be precipitated as Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate, MgNH4PO4 ( 6H2O: 5H2O + HPO42- + NH4+ + Mg2+ + OH- ( MgNH4PO4 ( 6H2O (s) (1) The purpose of this experiment is to determine the percentage of Phosphorus (P) and Diphosphorus (P2O5) in the fertilizer sample by the means of Gravimetric Analysis. III. Data and Results In this experiment, the wet (as received) and dry weights of the fertilizer sample, obtained from the previous experiment of moisture determination of the same fertilizer sample were used. Weights were divided into two data sets, Data Set 1 having four (4) trials and Data Set 2 having three (3) trials. The dried sample from the previous experiment from which moisture was determined, was dissolved and is converted into a sparingly soluble precipitate, MgNH4PO4 ( 6H2O which is then filtered and weighed. The filter paper used was weighed to easily determine the weight of the precipitate. The precipitate was then dried and weighed. IV. Discussion This experiment aims to determine the percentage of P and P2O5 in fertilizer sample using Gravimetry. The fertilizer sample from the previous experiment of Moisture Determination was utilized in this experiment. The dried fertilizer sample was dissolved with 40 mL distilled water and was then filtered to obtain a clear filtrate. In Gravimetry, it is important to use a precipitating agent that if not specific, should be selective and would give out a precipitate containing the analyte. This precipitating agent should also give out a precipitate that is easily filtered and washed from impurities, unreactive with the elements present in the atmosphere, of low solubility to lessen the loss of analyte during filtration and washing, and with known composition after drying or heating. In this case, 45 mL of 10% MgSO4 ( 7H2O was added to the filtrate, with 150 mL 2M NH3 as the precipitating agent to obtain the desired precipitate MgNH4PO4 ( 6H2O which contains the analyte P. See Equation 1. While other precipitating agent like NH4Cl can be used, NH3 was used otherwise to ensure that the desired precipitate would be form. The presence of Cl- ions will more likely to attract Mg2+ thus producing MgCl2 precipitates, which do not contain the analyte in this experiment which is P. It should be noted that NH3 is added slowly with continuous stirring to the solution to ensure the growth of the precipitate, resulting to a precipitate that is easier to filter and be freed of impurities. This technique is related to the von Weirman’s ratio wherein the particle size of a precipitate is inversely proportional to the value of Relative Superaturation given by: Relative Supersaturation = [pic] Where: Q= concentration of reactants before precipitation S= solubility of the precipitate Precipitates are either formed by nucleation, or by particle growth. In nucleation, particles join together to form a large mass, usually a result of supersaturation in solutions. It consists of huge amount of precipitate, however, is composed of small particles that are hard to filter. In this experiment, what is desired is particle growth that yields a precipitate of large size but of smaller number. This is possible by further precipitation wherein particles adhere to the surface of initially nucleated particles. The supersaturation state of the solution is eased during constant stirring upon addition of the precipitating agent, thus promoting particle growth rather nucleation. With respect to the von Weirman’s ratio, the higher the value of the ratio, the higher the possibility of getting smaller particles, thereby promoting nucleation, contrary to a lower value of the ratio which promotes particle growth that will yield larger precipitates that is important in this experi ment. After the addition of the precipitating agent with constant stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 mins. It is important to let the mixture stand, without any agitation or external forces acting on it to let digestion to occur. Digestion is necessary to allow reprecipitation, wherein particles will adhere to the initially small precipitates, and to expel water molecules thus lessening the surface area available for adsorption which causes impurities to obtain larger particles with greater purity and easier filterability. After 15 mins, the mixture was filtered using the preweighed filter paper. The filter paper that was preweighed was kept in the dessicator until further use to keep the moisture from adhering to the filter paper. Preweighing the filter paper was helpful for easy determination of the weigth of the precipitate. During filtration, precipitate was washed with distilled water in small portions of 5mL twice. For each washing, the distilled water was poured into the beaker where precipitation occured to accumulate the remaining precipitates that adhered to the sides of the beaker. After washing with distilled water, two 10mL portions of 95% ethanol were used for second washing. The use of 95% ethanol, becaue of its volatility thus will dry the precipitate faster, will ensure that no more water is trapped in the pores between the precipitates, minimal solubility loss and particles of small size will not loosen up and pass through the pores of the filter paper. Smaller portions of the wash liquid were used to ensure that the precipitate will still be intact and nosignificant loss in the amount of the precipitate due to the overflowing of washes liquid. The filter paper containing the precipitate was then heated inside the oven set a t 110˚C for 1 hour and was cooled in a dessicator for 15 min. After this, the weight of the precipitate was determined by subtracting the value of the preweighed filter paper with the weight of the filter paper including the precipitate. Even though Gravimetry is considered as one of the efficient and less expensive ways of determining a fertilizer component, this technique is still not fool proof and errors due to determinate and indeterminate factors may lead to an erroneous result. One of these errors is the fast addition of the precipitating agent and low impact of agitation that leads to the production of larger amount of small particles that may pass through the filter paper thus having lesser amount of precipitate, and a lower value for the P or P2O5 content in the sample. On the other hand, since while the mixture stands in room temperature without any coverings, contaminants like dust particles may be included in the mixture, contributing weight to the precipitate, giving a higher yield. This high yield will give a P or P2O5 content of the sample higher than its actual value. It can be observed from Table 3 that the range of % P and % P2O5 lies between approximately 6% to 13% and 15% to 30% respectively with 20% and 47% suspicious values since it is almost double of the values in range. By performing the Q test, the values were confirmed to be accpetable with regards to the actual value and values in the population, or rejected. Table 4.1 and 4.2 shows the values that were rejected and accepted for each data set. Notice that the 20% and 47% for % P and % P2O5 respectively, both belonging to Data Set 1 were rejected with 95% confidence level, meaning that the Qexp exceeded the value of the Qtabulated. Of all the trials in both Data Set 1 and 2, the group with values similar to that of the rejected values were the ones who obtained the greatest amount of precipitate. See Table 2. This rejection or errounous error in the data can be attributed to the determinate and indeterminate errors in the experiment. One more error that could be the reason for this rejection is the personal error in terms of the reading of the analytical balance. Also, because of this rejection in data, aside from the fact that Data Set 2 has lower number of population, Data Set 2 parameters for Measure of Precision are closer to each other, with the dried samples having greater values than that of the wet sample. Iti s because dried sample are purer than that of the wet sample containing still moisture and other interfering agent to getting the actual % P and % P2O5. V. Summary and Conclusions In this experiment, it was determined that the fertilizer sample has % P range of 6% to 13% with % P2O5 from 15% to 30%. However, the usual types of fertilizers with phosphates contain a minimum of 42.5 % water soluble phosphate and 46% total phosphate by weight, as in the case of Triple Superphosphate or 85 % water soluble and 20% available in Superphosphate. It should be noted that the theoretical values will vary depending on the type of fertilizer used in the experiment. Despite the data rejection that occurred, overall, it can be said that the experiment is a success since the objectives of the experiment such as performing gravimetric analysis in the determination of phosphorus content and to know the principle in separation by precipitation were achieved. Yet, it is recommended that there would be a specific manner of putting the precipitating agent, like addition dropwise or certain amounts per second or stirring so as to ensure the proper formation of crystals needed by the experiment. It should also be observed that upon digestion, or letting the mixture stand without agitation, the mixture should be covered to avoid impurities present in the atmosphere. VI. References Chapter 3: Gravimetry. California State University, Dominguez Hills. < http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/che230/textbook/ch03.htm> Accessed 17 January 2013. Fischer, R.B. and Peters, D.G. Quantitative Chemical Analysis 3rd ed. 1968; pp42-43;49 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. AGP – Fertilizer Specifications. http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/spi/plantnutrition/fertspecs/en/. Accessed 04 January 2013. Rehm, G. et al. Understanding Phosphorus Fertilizers: Phophorus in the Agricultural Environment. University of Minnesota: Extension. 2010. < http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/dc6288.html> Accessed 17 January 2013. Skoog, D. et al. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry 6th ed. Saunder College Publishing. 1992; pp72-80

Native Americans in the United States and James K. Polk Essay

6. Compare the expansionist foreign policies of Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James K. Polk. To what extent did their policies strengthen the United States? 1. President Thomas Jefferson a. Anti-Federalist: usually weary of American expansionism b. Louisiana Purchase i. After Spain gave New Orleans to the French, Jefferson sent Monroe to France to buy the strategic land for $2 million ii. France about to engage in war in Europe and dealing with a slave revolt in Haiti, offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million and Jefferson accepted, even though he wasn’t sure that the Constitution allowed for it iii. Congress quickly approved the treaty iv. Strengthened the United States because gave them complete control over the strategically crucial Mississippi River c. Louis and Clark i. Sent expedition to explore territory west ii. Encountered many new animals, plants, and Indian tribes iii. Strengthened the United States in that the West was no longer completely un-chartered territory, and knowledge was deepened after the countless scientific discoveries 2. President James K. Polk a. Democrat who favored vast expansion at a rapid rate b. Rallied for the immediate annexation of Texas, which Tyler accomplished right before Polk took office c. Oregon Territory i. Acquired from a treaty with Great Britain made peacefully in 1846 ii. Established current northern border for the region iii. Strengthened America because of more territory and greater control of the continent, less outside influence d. Mexican-American War i. Polk wanted to acquire the Southwest from Mexico ii. Mexico wouldn’t sell the territory, so Polk provoked Mexican troops with the stationing of American troops and declared war iii. After a successful invasion of Mexico City and the war was over, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848 ceding most of the modern Southwest over to the United States iv. Strengthened America because the acquisition of the new territory increased America’s potential wealth and asserted American dominance over Mexico 3. Texas fight with Mexicans, an excuse for US to gain territory 4. Polk’s platform of manifest destiny 5. Thorton affair ? spark of war. Mexicans crossed Rio Grande and attacked Texas dragoons 6. Mexico loses half its territory 7. Many Whigs called the war an expansion of slavery 8. The newly acquired territories contributed to a new patriotic feeling in US.